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In 2011 British regulators fined Swift Trade, $13.1 million for using the technique and the firm went out of business.[1]
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^ a b "Clamping Down on Rapid Trades in Stock Market". New York Times. October 8, 2011. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/09/business/clamping-down-on-rapid-trades-in-stock-market.html?src=un&feedurl=http%3A%2F%2Fjson8.nytimes.com%2Fpages%2Fbusiness%2Findex.jsonp. Retrieved 2011-10-10. "In August, regulators fined the firm, Swift Trade, £8 million, or $13.1 million, for a technique called layering, which involves issuing and then canceling orders they never meant to carry out. The action was challenged by Swift Trade, which was dissolved last year."
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